Reconfigurable gradient surface and its application in microwave beam steering

This work presents a reconfigurable microwave gradient surface working at the Ku band. Based on the generalized Snell´s Law, the refractive beam angle of the surface is determined by the gradient of the abrupt phase change along the surface, which is easily controlled by the varactor embedded in each unit cell. The effectiveness of the structure in real-time beam steering is validated by numerical simulation.