The Propagation and Attenuation of Surge Voltages and Surge Currents in Low-Voltage AC Circuits

Examples are given showing the propagation of voltage and current surges in low-voltage wiring systems. The difference between surge impedance (characteristic impedance) of a transmission line and the impedance to the surge of wire runs is pointed out and illustrated. A comparison is made between the propagation of a surge through an isolating transformer and a ferro-resonant line conditioner. The effect of connection options are shown for one or several surge protective devices connected at the end of a 3-wire line.