Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna loaded with a Photonic Band Gap structure for wideband and high gain applications

In this paper, a novel investigation of a Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (HDRA) loaded with a Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure is carried out. The HDRA is designed of material of permittivity ε_r=9.2 and is resonant at 1.816 GHz offering 10.4% impedance bandwidth and a peak gain of 6 dBi. The PBG designed from a dielectric of ε_r=9.8, is arranged in a square lattice and offers a band gap from 1.6 GHz to 1. 95 GHz. The effect of the PBG loaded on HDRA reveals that the bandwidth is increased for TE₁₁₁ mode to 38% at 1.78 GHz offering a peak gain of 8.05 dBi. The efficiency is above 90% for the entire bandwidth of operation.