Systematic split-step perfectly matched layer formulations for modelling dispersive open region finite difference time domain applications

A systematic unconditionally stable split-step perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition formulations are presented for modelling open region dispersive electromagnetic applications. The proposed formulations are based on the incorporating Strang time-splitting approach and the Crank-Nicolson scheme into the complex envelope finite-difference time-domain (CE-FDTD) algorithm. Numerical examples carried out in two-dimensional domains show that the proposed formulations provide better accuracy than the alternating direction implicit FDTD counterpart with a considerable reduction in the central processing unit time requirement.