Characteristics of GNSS-R bare soil based on advanced integral equation model (AIEM) and interference patterns

Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a new remote sensing technique and has wide applications from the meso-scale ocean surface to the land surface, e.g., soil moisture sensing. The Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM) is used for the calculations of vertical RHCP (VR) and horizontal RHCP (HR) scattering coefficients, while the Inteference pattern technique (IPT) is used for the received power simulations. The simulated results show that there are apparent dips for VR polarization and their positions of the dips are closely related to the different volumetric soil moisture (vms), while HR decreases with the incidence angle increase and power ratios of VR/HR make the vms retrieval possible as shown in the simulations.