Irregularities in continuously loaded cables

For continuously loaded cables designed for use with amplifiers (two-wire working), it is important to know the manner in which the characteristic impedance/frequency curve is affected by variations in the line constants and by the position of these irregularities. The results obtained are expressed in the form of the vector difference between the impedance of the cable and that of an artificial network designed to simulate a perfectly uniform line. Various discontinuities are considered, including sections of uniform impedance and of impedance varying regularly along the line. Finally some deductions of a general nature are drawn.