The effective frequency method in the analysis of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Wenzel, Hans ; Wünsche, Hans-Jürgen

Author_Institution

Ferdinard-Braun-Inst. fur Hochstfrequenztech., Berlin, Germany

Volume

33

Issue

7

fYear

1997

fDate

7/1/1997 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

1156

Lastpage

1162

Abstract

An effective index model for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is reexamined. In a systematic manner, the basic equations are derived. Instead of effective indices of plane reference waveguides, effective frequencies of plane reference resonators appear. Calculations of the threshold gain and lasing wavelength of a long-wavelength VCSEL show the usefulness of the method and clarify the waveguiding mechanisms in VCSELs, Both dispersion and waveguiding influence the lasing wavelength remarkably

Keywords

laser cavity resonators; laser theory; optical waveguide theory; refractive index; semiconductor device models; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; waveguide lasers; VCSELs; basic equations; dispersion; effective frequencies; effective frequency method; effective index model; effective indices; lasing wavelength; long-wavelength VCSEL; plane reference resonators; plane reference waveguides; systematic manner; threshold gain; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser analysis; waveguiding; waveguiding mechanisms; Boundary conditions; Frequency; Laser modes; Partial differential equations; Planar waveguides; Propagation constant; Semiconductor lasers; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Waveguide lasers;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9197

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/3.594878

Filename

594878