Generalized n+2 state system Markov model for station-oriented reliability evaluation

Practical restorative actions and existing dependencies in stations cannot be completely represented using a conventional three state model. In order to overcome these weaknesses, system state transition models for eight types of failure event have been established and a “generalized n+2 state system Markov model” is proposed in this paper. Factors such as detailed switching procedures, stuck breaker conditions and normally open components can be incorporated using the generalized model. The numerical comparisons show that the differences between the results calculated using the generalized n+2 state system model and three state component model are significant in some cases, particularly for high level outages, The generalized n+2 state system model is a more accurate model compared to the conventional three state model. It allows more factors to be considered and is more flexible in form