Steady state solution of saturated circuits

Methods of steady state power calculation developed specifically for: (1) systems having more machines than can be handled conveniently by existing methods; and (2) systems consisting of a line with magnetically saturated synchronous machines at both ends are outlined in this paper. Two general methods are given: (1) that involving the use of equivalent reactance or impedance, and (2) that involving the superposition of current diagrams. Methods of determining the equivalent reactance and impedance of any unknown system from measurements at the terminals of that system, whether magnetically saturated or not, also are given. When a complete solution is desired, superposition of current diagrams of saturated circuits is shown to be better than the method involving the use of either equivalent reactance or impedance.