The ´universal´ dielectric response. III

The screened hopping mechanism, which assumes that in every dielectric system, dipolar or hopping-charge-dominated, there must be a finite amount of local adjustment of dipolar orientations or of charge dispositions in response to any particular dipole or charge movement, is discussed. The relaxation of polarization in a dipolar system with a frequency-domain (FD) behavior is considered, focusing on the application of the energy criterion to such systems at low frequencies of the applied alternating field. The spectral shape of the dielectric loss characteristic of dipolar materials in the FD, and the corresponding time-domain (TD) response are reexamined in the light of the foregoing discussion. An electrochemical model of low-frequency dispersion is presented.<>