Broadband equivalent circuit of a dipole antenna

A broadband equivalent circuit of a dipole antenna valid from very low frequency to its second resonance, consisting of a series resonant circuit and two parallel resonant circuits, with frequency independent lumped elements is presented. Empirical formulas for the elements in the proposed equivalent circuit are given. Feed-point impedances calculated using the present equivalent circuit are compared with those obtained from Zeland Software´s IE3D simulator, version 5