Simulation and efficient measurements of intensities for complex imaging sequences

It is investigated how linear simulation can be used to predict both the magnitude of the intensities as well as the placement of the peak values. An ultrasound sequence is defined through the normal setup routines for the experimental SARUS scanner, and Field II is then used automatically on the sequence to simulate both intensity and mechanical index (MI) according to FDA rules. A 3 MHz BK Medical 8820e convex array transducer is used with the SARUS scanner. An Onda HFL-0400 hydrophone and the Onda AIMS III system measures the pressure field for three imaging schemes: a fixed focus, single emission scheme, a duplex vector flow scheme, and finally a vector flow imaging scheme. The hydrophone is connected to a receive channel in SARUS, which automatically measures the emitted pressure for the complete imaging sequence. MI can be predicted with an accuracy of 16.4 to 38 %. The accuracy for the intensity is from -17.6 to 9.7 %, although the measured fields are highly non-linear (several MPa) and linear simulation is used. Linear simulation can, thus, be used to accurately predict intensity levels for any advanced imaging sequence and is an efficient tool in predicting the energy distribution.