Title :
The optically pumped passive cesium frequency standard: Basic theory and experimental results on buffer gas frequency shifts
Author :
Rovera, Giuseppe ; De Marchi, Andrea ; Vanier, Jaques
Author_Institution :
Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale, Galileo Ferraris, Turin, Italy
Abstract :
The theory of the optically pumped passive Cs frequency standard is given. Experimental results confirming qualitatively this theory are presented. The results are also compared to those obtained in the case of Rb. Experimental results on the pressure shift and temperature coefficients of the hyperfine frequency of cesium atoms in four buffer gases, CH4, N2, Ar and Kr are presented. Finally graphs for evaluating a given pressure coefficient and the residual temperature coefficient for mixtures of buffer gases are given.
Keywords :
atomic clocks; atomic hyperfine structure; caesium; frequency measurement; frequency stability; gas lasers; measurement standards; optical pumping; spectral line shift; Ar buffer gas; CH4 buffer gas; Cs laser; Kr buffer gas; N2 buffer gas; Rb frequency standard; buffer gas frequency shifts; experimental results; hyperfine frequency; mixtures of buffer gases; operation; optically pumped passive Cs frequency standard; pressure coefficient; temperature coefficients; Absorption; Filtering theory; Microwave filters; Optical buffering; Optical filters; Optical pumping; Standards;
Journal_Title :
Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TIM.1976.6312347
