Design and optimisation for cellular access network

The service quality of a cellular-radio network is dependent on the integrity of its access network. As a cellular-radio network evolves, the challenge to the operator is to provide near ubiquitous coverage (with adequate signal-to-noise ratio and a balanced uplink and downlink for handportables) and to accommodate a high traffic density yet at the same time to ensure that the carrier-to-interference ratio remains acceptable despite a finite amount of spectrum allocation. The large number of base sites deployed for coverage and capacity must be interconnected economically and efficiently back to the switch sites without compromising on resilience and transmission capacity. To meet these challenges, better efficiency for the radio links has to be achieved through the introduction of automated planning tools and adaptive system features; improvement of the transmission network performance can be attained by the flexible use of transmission media and network topologies