A 9-bit, 14 μW and 0.06 mm $^{2}$ Pulse Position Modulation ADC in 90 nm Digital CMOS

This work presents a compact, low-power, time-based architecture for nanometer-scale CMOS analog-to-digital conversion. A pulse position modulation ADC architecture is proposed and a prototype 9 bit PPM ADC incorporating a two-step TDC scheme is presented as proof of concept. The 0.06 mm² prototype is implemented in 90 nm CMOS and achieves 7.9 effective bits across the entire input bandwidth and dissipates 14 μW at 1 MS/s.