The anatomy of integrated-circuit technology

One definition of integrated electronics can be given as ``the physical realization of a number of circuit elements inseparably associated on or within a continuous body to perform the function of a circuit.´´ This definition gives only an indirect clue to the reasons for the tremendous impact of integrated electronics upon the electronics field in particular, and upon technological aids to society in general. This article attempts to explore these reasons and to discuss some of the consequences of the growth of this advanced technology. It complements J. J. Suran´s January article, ``A Perspective on Integrated Electronics,´´ which explores the problems in design theory that have resulted from the extreme complexity of IC fabrication.