The distributed-lumped-active network Its application to filtering problems

The development of modern integrated circuit techniques has added a new and important network element to the list of those usually considered by the filter designer¿the distributed RC network. This article discusses the properties of such networks and shows how they can be combined with lumped passive elements and active elements to produce a class of distributed-lumped-active (DLA) networks. Such networks can be applied to a wide range of filter requirements and have many advantages. For example, DLA realizations usually require fewer components than comparable realizations using lumped elements. Because partial differential equations are required to model distributed components, many new techniques of analysis and synthesis must be used in the design of DLA networks. A discussion of these techniques, including many that may be implemented on the digital computer, is presented and examples of some typical DLA realizations are given.