Platforms for Change: High-Voltage DC Converters and Cable Technologies for Offshore Renewable Integration and DC Grid Expansions

HVdc and cable technologies exist today that permit offshore integration and planning of point-to-point dc links that can be expanded into HVdc grids. Several VSC HVdc links are now in operation offshore in the harsh North Sea environment. Following the rapid increase in power transmission capacity and loss reduction, several new projects in the gigawatt range are in the construction phase. The benefits of larger intercontinental grids are being demonstrated in several ongoing studies. The first MT HVdc networks can therefore be seen as initial building blocks on the way to a larger offshore grid.