Title :
Direct Measurement of Magnetic Coupling Between Nanomagnets for Nanomagnetic Logic Applications
Author :
Li, Peng ; Csaba, Gyorgy ; Sankar, Vijay K. ; Ju, Xueming ; Varga, Edit ; Lugli, Paolo ; Hu, Xiaobo Sharon ; Niemier, Michael ; Porod, Wolfgang ; Bernstein, Gary H.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
Abstract :
An experimental and computational study of coupling between lithographically fabricated, near-single-domain nanomagnets is presented. Pairs of coupled nanomagnets were fabricated, and their switching properties were characterized by a vibrating sample magnetometer with vector coils. Coupling fields between on-chip nanomagnets compete with (known) magnetic fields that are externally generated. Consequently, nanomagnets flip in the direction of the stronger contribution. Using this method, the volume-averaged coupling field can be directly measured. The experimental data was compared to results from micromagnetic simulations and macrospin models. Correlating the experimental results with simulations reveals the details of the switching process of nanomagnets, and shows the limitations of the macrospin model.
Keywords :
logic devices; magnetic domains; magnetic switching; micromagnetics; nanomagnetics; VSM; coupled nanomagnet pairs; direct measurement; lithographically fabricated near-single-domain nanomagnets; macrospin model limitations; magnetic coupling; magnetic fields; micromagnetic simulations; nanomagnet switching process; nanomagnetic logic applications; on-chip nanomagnets; switching properties; vector coils; vibrating sample magnetometer; volume-averaged coupling field; Couplings; Magnetic domains; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic separation; Magnetic switching; Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; Magnetic coupling; nanomagnetic logic (NML); single domain nanomagnets;
Journal_Title :
Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TMAG.2012.2202219
