Digital-filter structures based on the concept of the voltage-conversion generalized-immittance converter

By using the concept of the voltage-conversion generalized-immittance converter, a general biquadratic digital-filter structure is obtained which can realize all the standard, second-order, digital-filter sections. Then, through the application of the principle of transposition, a multiple-output structure is obtained which can realize either individually or simultaneously, all the standard second-order digital-filter sections. The proposed structures, can be stabilized with respect to limit-cycle oscillations. Further, the structures obtained by transposition have the unique property of allowing a choice between the elimination of limit cycles and the reduction of roundoff noise. The authors conclude with a comparison of the proposed structures relative to the direct canonic and section-optimal structures with respect to output roundoff noise and sensitivity.