Title :
On Space–Frequency Correlation of UWB MIMO Channels
Author :
Hong, Xuemin ; Wang, Cheng-Xiang ; Thompson, John ; Allen, Ben ; Malik, Wasim Q. ; Ge, Xiaohu
Author_Institution :
Sch. of Eng. & Phys. Sci., Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK
Abstract :
Conventional multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel correlation models focus on describing the complex amplitude correlation of resolvable multipath components (MPCs). It has recently been shown that the time-of-arrival (ToA) correlation of resolvable MPCs, which has largely been ignored in the literature so far, is important for characterizing the space-frequency (SF) correlation of MIMO channels in the ultrawideband (UWB) regime. The proposal of ToA correlation brings forth the following open questions: What is the fundamental difference between amplitude and ToA correlations? Are they mutually replaceable? What impact do they have on system performance? Is this impact related to channel bandwidth? This paper systematically answers the above questions. We demonstrate that, compared with a conventional model that only considers amplitude correlation, a UWB MIMO channel model taking into account both amplitude and ToA correlations leads to different theoretical maximum diversity order, numerical structure of the SF channel covariance matrix, spatial correlation function, and diversity performance. We conclude that ToA correlation is a necessary complement to amplitude correlation when the channel bandwidth exceeds 500 MHz, i.e., UWB channels. This new insight serves as the motivation for more realistic modeling of UWB MIMO channels and the inspiration for designing advanced UWB MIMO systems to fully exploit the SF channel correlation properties.
Keywords :
MIMO communication; correlation methods; diversity reception; multipath channels; time-of-arrival estimation; ultra wideband communication; wireless channels; SF channel covariance matrix; ToA correlation; UWB MIMO channels; amplitude correlation; channel bandwidth; channel correlation; diversity; multipath components; multiple-input-multiple-output; space-frequency correlation; spatial correlation function; time-of-arrival correlation; Arrays; Channel models; Correlation; Covariance matrix; MIMO; Ultra wideband technology; Channel modeling; diversity order; multiple input–multiple output (MIMO); space–frequency (SF) correlation; ultrawideband (UWB);
Journal_Title :
Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TVT.2010.2075947