Substation reliability evaluation including switching actions with redundant components

Failure events in substations often result in multiple outages of generators, lines and/or loads in power systems. The simulation of substation-originated outages for practical substation configurations is difficult, due to the complex switching actions with disconnect switches and circuit breakers that can take place. A digital computer program has been developed at the Delft University of Technology, Netherlands, which simulates these complex switching actions following substation failures. The simulation algorithms, which deduce the contingencies before and after switching actions with their corresponding reliability indices, are described in detail in the paper. The paper reports on results obtained from analyzing six different busbar schemes with redundant components