Polarimetric PALSAR Calibration

Polarimetric Phased-Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) system parameters are assessed using data sets collected over several calibration sites. The data collected over the Amazonian rain forest help validate the hypothesis that Faraday rotation is zero near the equator. The analysis of the Amazonian forest data and the response of the corner reflectors deployed there during the PALSAR acquisitions lead to the conclusion that the antenna is highly isolated (better than -35 dB). These results are confirmed using the data collected over calibration sites located in Sweden and Canada. The 5-m-height corner reflector deployed at the Remningstorp (Sweden) calibration site by Chalmers University of Technology provides accurate measurement of antenna parameters and detection of a (2deg -3deg) Faraday rotation during day-time acquisitions, whereas no Faraday rotation was noted during night-time acquisitions. Small Faraday rotation angles (2deg-3deg) have been measured using acquisitions over the DLR Oberpfaffenhofen and the Ottawa calibration sites. The presence of small but still significant Faraday rotation (2deg-3deg) induces a corner reflector return at the cross-polarization HV and VH that should not be interpreted as the actual antenna crosstalk. These results show that the PALSAR antenna is highly isolated (better than -35 dB), and diagonal antenna distortion matrices (with zero crosstalk terms) can be used for accurate calibration of PALSAR polarimetric data.