Title :
Characterization of lead zirconate titanate ceramics for use in miniature high-frequency (20-80 MHz) transducers
Author :
Foster, F. Stuart ; Ryan, Linda K. ; Turnbull, Daniel H.
Author_Institution :
Sunnybrook Health Sci. Centre, Toronto Univ., Ont., Canada
Abstract :
The material properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics for operation in the thickness mode at frequencies as high as 80 MHz are reported. Each of the ceramics tested showed a reduction in k/sub t/ with increasing frequency. In a fine-grained PZT, values of k/sub t/ as high as 0.44 were measured at 80 MHz. The effects of grain size were also evident in the measurement of frequency dependent mechanical losses. Experimental and theoretical analysis of a 1 mm*1 mm, 45 MHz PZT transducer verified the validity of the measurements of the properties and demonstrated excellent insertion loss and bandwidth characteristics. The minimum insertion loss of -17.5 dB is in good agreement with theory and is a marked improvement over the performance of polymer devices. Details on the fabrication and testing of high frequency ceramic transducers are described.<>
Keywords :
biomedical ultrasonics; ceramics; dielectric losses; electron device testing; lead compounds; permittivity; piezoelectric transducers; ultrasonic transducers; -17.5 dB; 20 to 80 MHz; B-mode ultrasonic imaging; PZT; PZT ceramics; PbZrO3TiO3; SEM; bandwidth characteristics; clinical application; dielectric constant; dielectric loss tangent; fine-grained PZT; frequency dependent mechanical losses; grain size effects; insertion loss; miniature high frequency transducers; polymer devices; testing; Ceramics; Frequency measurement; Grain size; Insertion loss; Loss measurement; Material properties; Mechanical variables measurement; Testing; Titanium compounds; Transducers;
Journal_Title :
Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on
