Compact Formulas for Diversity Gain of Two-Port Antennas

Accuracy limitation in evaluation of diversity gains based on cumulative distribution function curves is highlighted. New devised closed-form formulas are provided for Selection Combining and Maximum Ratio Combining diversity schemes rendering diversity gain as a function of correlation and radiation efficiencies. Accuracy of these formulas is studied and verified by numerical simulations. These formulas take a central role for the cases when engineers are limited to a finite number of measured voltage samples at different ports to provide them with accurate calculation of ergodic diversity gain. This letter also reveals dependency of different diversity gains upon total embedded efficiencies of branches and underscores the significance of identical efficiencies of two-element terminals for their optimum performance in multipath environments.