Complementary Organic Circuits Using Evaporated $\hbox {F}_{16}\hbox {CuPc}$ and Inkjet Printing of PQT

Organic complementary inverters and ring oscillators are fabricated using a unique combination of inkjet printing and evaporation of organic semiconductors. p-Type poly (3, 3´´´-didodecylquaterthiophene) (PQT) is inkjet printed, after which n-type copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F₁₆CuPc) is evaporated and patterned by shadow masking. A solution-processable bilayer gate dielectric with superior gate leakage characteristics and a simplified process stack is implemented. The inverters show a high noise margin, good gain characteristics, and a switching point close to V_dd/2. A five-stage ring oscillator is also demonstrated.