Software III: Programming for nonprogrammers: New languages are helping those who are not professionally trained to communicate with computers

New languages are helping those who are not professionally trained to communicate with computers. Now, new languages and programming systems are being developed and marketed to come to the aid of the growing ranks of nonprofessional programmers. The aim of these systems is to simplify programming radically, making it accessible to those who have little or no previous programming knowledge, or have no time to use more laborious conventional programming methods. The author discusses IBM Corp.´s Query-by-Example, and Xerox Corp.´s Smalltalk. QBE attempts to help the user with no previous experience, while Smalltalk, is for virtually any small computer user who needs to work faster.