Jitter in instrument servos

Jitter in electromechanical instrument servos is studied analytically and by analogue-computer simulation. The study identifies some unreported causes of jitter, identifies the jitter-causing nonlinearities that can be eliminated, establishes relations between the unavoidable nonlinearities that will eliminate jitter, and expresses the effects of granular or quantizing elements mathematically and proves the validity of these equations. The principles are used to modify a commercial servo.