DocumentCode :
1349538
Title :
Automatic Spectral Rule-Based Preliminary Classification of Radiometrically Calibrated SPOT-4/-5/IRS, AVHRR/MSG, AATSR, IKONOS/QuickBird/OrbView/GeoEye, and DMC/SPOT-1/-2 Imagery—Part II: Classification Accuracy Assessment
Author :
Baraldi, Andrea ; Durieux, Laurent ; Simonetti, Dario ; Conchedda, Giulia ; Holecz, Francesco ; Blonda, Palma
Author_Institution :
Joint Res. Centre, Eur. Comm., Ispra, Italy
Volume :
48
Issue :
3
fYear :
2010
fDate :
3/1/2010 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
1326
Lastpage :
1354
Abstract :
In Part I of this paper, an operational fully automated Landsat-like image spectral rule-based decision-tree classifier (LSRC), suitable for mapping radiometrically calibrated seven-band Landsat-4/-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-7 Enhanced TM+ (ETM+) spaceborne images [eventually synthesized from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imaging sensor] into a discrete and finite set of spectral categories, has been downscaled to properly deal with spaceborne multispectral imaging sensors whose spectral resolution overlaps with, but is inferior to Landsat´s, namely: 1) Satellite Pour l´Observation de la Terre (SPOT)-4/-5, Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-1C/-1D/-P6 Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS)-III, and IRS-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS); 2) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG); 3) Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR); 4) GeoEye-1, IKONOS-2, QuickBird-2, OrbView-3, TopSat, KOrean MultiPurpose SATellite (KOMPSAT)-2, FORMOsa SATellite (FORMOSAT)-2, Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2), RapidEye, WorldView-2, PLEIADES-1/-2, and SPOT-6/-7; and 5) Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC), IRS-P6 LISS-IV, and SPOT-1/-2. LSRC, together with its five downscaled versions, identified, respectively, as the four-band SPOT-like SRC (SSRC), the four-band AVHRR-like SRC (AVSRC), the five-band AATSR-like SRC (AASRC), the four-band IKONOS-like SRC (ISRC), and the three-band DMC-like SRC (DSRC), form the so-called integrated SRC system of systems. In this paper, first, the classification accuracy and robustness to changes in the input data set of SSRC, AVSRC, AASRC, ISRC, and DSRC are assessed, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in comparison with LSRC- - ´s. Next, ongoing and future SRC applications are presented and discussed. They encompass: 1) the implementation of operational two-stage stratified hierarchical Remote Sensing (RS) image understanding systems discussed in Part I of this paper; 2) the integration of near real-time satellite mapping services with Internet map servers; and 3) the development of a new approach to semantic querying of large-scale multisensor image databases. These experimental results and application examples prove that the integrated SRC system of systems is operational, namely, it is effective, near real-time, automatic, and robust to changes in the input data set. Therefore, SRC appears eligible for use in operational satellite-based measurement systems such as those envisaged by the ongoing international Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Programme and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) system project.
Keywords :
artificial satellites; calibration; geophysical equipment; geophysical image processing; image classification; remote sensing; AATSR imagery; ALOS; AVHRR/MSG imagery; AWiFS instrument; Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer; Advanced Land Observing Satellite; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ASTER satellite; Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer; Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2; DMC/SPOT-1/-2 imagery; ENVISAT; Environmental Satellite; FORMOSAT-2; FORMOsa SATellite; GEOSS Programme; GMES system project; Global Earth Observation System of Systems Programme; Global Monitoring for Environment and Security; IKONOS/QuickBird/OrbView/GeoEye imagery; IRS-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor; Indian Remote Sensing Satellite; KOMPSAT-2; KOrean MultiPurpose SATellite; Landsat-4/-5 Thematic Mapper; Landsat-7 Enhanced TM+; Linear Imaging Self-Scanner-III; MODIS imaging sensor; Meteosat Second Generation; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; SPOT-4/-5/IRS imagery; Satellite Pour l´Observation de la Terre; automatic classification; classification accuracy assessment; decision tree classifier; hierarchical Remote Sensing; radiometric calibrattion; spectral rule based preliminary classification; Decision-tree classifier; image classification; inductive and deductive inference; prior knowledge; radiometric calibration; remote sensing (RS);
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0196-2892
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TGRS.2009.2032064
Filename :
5345830
Link To Document :
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