Electric vehicles as configurable distributed energy storage in the smart grid

Studying the impact of PHEVs/BEVs is quite complex since no other approach before had the unique capability of acting as dispersed and yet mobile energy storage that may be aggregated at different scales. This paper aims at demonstrating the potential benefits of using electrical vehicles (EVs) as distributed energy storage systems in smart grid. It discusses the options of grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operating modes that might be used to support the power grid through demand side management (DSM) program. The battery charging performance, implementation and benefits of using EVs as distributed energy storages for demand-side management are discussed and demonstrated with test cases.