Interaction of laser radiation with structures of the eye

An overview of laser-induced ocular injury and strategies for their prevention are presented based on an understanding of the general principles of laser interaction with biological tissue. These principles are outlined and subsequently applied in a discussion of specific laser damage mechanisms occurring within the eye over the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared bands. The ocular structures primarily at risk in each of these spectra are identified, and the international standards of maximum permissible exposures are presented and discussed. A survey of 58 case histories of laser exposure accidents resulting in permanent injury is also provided to characterize and give insight into actual accident scenarios. Basic control measures designed to minimize the incidence of laser accidents in the laboratory are discussed, including the selection of proper eye protection and the control of facility access