Modeling and revenue estimation of EV as reactive power service provider

Moving toward smart grid makes the distribution systems more active. In this dynamic environment, introducing new components such as Electric Vehicle (EV) can provide opportunities for Distribution System Operator (DSO) to improve the efficiency, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. For example, since reactive power support from EVs has short response time and does not affect the battery, reactive power support is a promising ancillary service that can be provided by EVs. This ancillary service is gaining more importance at distribution level where due to increased number of loads and the network topology, tracking the frequent changes in loads requires real time actions from local providers close to the loads. In this paper, we present a new model of EV operating as a reactive power service provider. We have included power ripple in the charger as a constraint in the proposed model. Our simulation results show the revue potential of providing reactive power service by EVs. This revenue amount is higher during peak hours because of increased demand from the DSO.