Communications: Single-mode fibers outperform multimode cables: Successful field trials and imminent commercial use stem from high capacity and the need for fewer repeaters

The difference in transmission pattern gives single-mode fibers important advantages which includes a greater information-carrying capacity and the need for fewer repeaters. Some field trials using optical waveguides are discussed. Splicing of the fibers, losses through bending, dispersion, and sources and detectors for single-mode systems are also included.