Contingency-Constrained PMU Placement in Power Networks

In this paper, a model for the optimal placement of contingency-constrained phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electric power networks is presented. The conventional complete observability of power networks is first formulated and then, different contingency conditions in power networks including measurement losses and line outages are added to the main model. The communication constraints which would limit the maximum number of measurements associated with each installed PMU is considered as measurement limitations. The relevant formulations are also proposed to make the model more comprehensive. The IEEE standard test systems are examined for the applicability of proposed model. The comparison of presented results with those of other methods is presented which would justify the effectiveness of proposed model with regards to minimizing the total number of PMUs and the execution time. A large-scale system with 2383 buses is also analyzed to exhibit the applicability of proposed model to practical power system cases.