Glottal-Shape Codebook to Improve Robustness of CELP Codecs

This paper presents a new technique for the class of code-excited linear prediction speech codecs designed to reduce error propagation after lost frames. Its principle consists in replacing the interframe long-term prediction with a glottal-shape codebook in the subframe containing the first glottal impulse in a given frame. This technique, independent of previous frames, is of particular interest in voiced speech frames following transitions as these frames are the most sensitive to frame erasures. It is a basis of a structured coding scheme called transition coding (TC). The TC greatly improves codec performance in noisy channels while maintaining clean channel performance. It is a part of the new embedded speech and audio codec recently standardized as Recommendation G.718 by ITU-T.