Optical field analysis of a circular grating-coupled surface-emitting laser with integrated focusing outcoupler

Author

Kristjánsson, Sigurgeir ; Eriksson, Niklas ; Li, Ming ; Larsson, Anders

Author_Institution

Dept. of Optoelectron. & Electr. Meas., Chalmers Univ. of Technol., Goteborg, Sweden

Volume

34

Issue

5

fYear

1998

fDate

5/1/1998 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

834

Lastpage

840

Abstract

The lasing characteristics of a circular grating-coupled surface-emitting laser (GCSEL) with an integrated focusing outcoupler are investigated. Measured near and far fields suggest lasing in two near orthogonal and mutually incoherent linear elements, rather than ideal circular modes of the planar circular resonator, resulting in a degradation of the focused spot quality. Modeling of the evolution of the emitted optical field by Fresnel diffraction calculations, using a new orthogonal projection scheme to account for polarization, supports this assumption. Using the theory, we have also estimated the degradation of the focused spot quality induced by random errors in the period of the focusing outcoupler caused by the limited resolution of the electron-beam lithography system used to fabricate the device. We found this effect to be small compared to the effect of the nonideal mode characteristics

Keywords

Fresnel diffraction; diffraction gratings; electron beam lithography; laser cavity resonators; laser modes; laser theory; measurement errors; optical couplers; optical focusing; semiconductor device models; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; Fresnel diffraction calculations; circular grating-coupled surface-emitting laser; electron-beam lithography system; emitted optical field; far fields; focused spot quality; focusing outcoupler; ideal circular modes; integrated focusing outcoupler; laser diode; lasing characteristics; limited resolution; mutually incoherent linear elements; near fields; optical field analysis; orthogonal linear elements; orthogonal projection scheme; planar circular resonator; random errors; Gratings; Integrated optics; Laser modes; Optical diffraction; Optical feedback; Optical pumping; Optical resonators; Semiconductor lasers; Stimulated emission; Surface emitting lasers;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9197

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/3.668771

Filename

668771