A 0.24-nJ/b Wireless Body-Area-Network Transceiver With Scalable Double-FSK Modulation

An energy-efficient wireless body-area-network (WBAN) transceiver is implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology with 1-V supply voltage. For the low energy consumption, the body channel communication (BCC) PHY is utilized with the theoretical results of Maxwell´s equation analysis behind the BCC. Based on the channel analysis, the resonance matching (RM) and contact impedance sensing (CIS) techniques are proposed to enhance the quality of the body channel. A double-FSK modulation scheme is adopted with high scalability to fulfill the IEEE 802.15.6 Task Group specifications. In addition, a low-power double-FSK transceiver is implemented by five circuit techniques: 1) a reconfigurable LNA with CIS; 2) a current-reuse wideband demodulator; 3) a divider-based local oscillator (LO) generation with duty-cycle correction in the receiver; 4) a reconfigurable driver with RM; and 5) a divider-based digital double-FSK modulator in the transmitter. As a result, fully WBAN compatible receiver and transmitter consume 2.4 and 2 mW, respectively, at a data rate of 10 Mb/s, corresponding to energy consumption of 0.24 nJ per received bit and 0.2 nJ per transmitted bit.