An Efficient Constrained Weighted Least Squares Algorithm for Moving Source Location Using TDOA and FDOA Measurements

In this paper, by utilizing the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements of a signal received at a number of receivers, an efficient constrained weighted least-squares (CWLS) algorithm for estimating the position and velocity of a moving source is proposed, which exploits the known relation between the intermediate variable and the source location coordinates explicitly. On basis of Newton´s method, a numerical iterative solution can be obtained allowing real-time implementation and ensuring global convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator achieves remarkably better performance than the two-step weighted least squares (WLS) approach, which makes the Cramr-Rao lower bound (CRLB) at a sufficiently high noise level before the threshold effect occurs.