Analysis of metal-interlaced-grating vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using the modal method by modal expansion

Author

Ju, Young-Gu ; Ser, Jung-Hoon ; Lee, Yong-Hee

Author_Institution

Dept. of Phys., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Seoul, South Korea

Volume

33

Issue

4

fYear

1997

fDate

4/1/1997 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

589

Lastpage

595

Abstract

It is analyzed by the modal method by modal expansion (MMME) that the strong polarization discrimination of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) can be effectively obtained by using the metal-interlaced grating on the topmost layer of the VCSEL. The MMME is used to overcome the problems coming from the large permittivity discontinuities at GaAs-Al-air-Al interfaces. The analyses predict the correct direction of dominant polarization and the mode-suppression ratio. The calculated transmission efficiencies explain the characteristics of the VCSEL´s below threshold. It is found that the difference in phase and amplitude between the two orthogonal polarization generated by the grating plays important roles for the selection of a dominant polarization through mirror reflectivities and mirror losses. In addition, the influence of various thin metal layers on polarization stabilization is demonstrated

Keywords

III-V semiconductors; aluminium; diffraction gratings; distributed Bragg reflector lasers; gallium arsenide; laser cavity resonators; laser mirrors; laser modes; optical losses; reflectivity; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; GaAs-Al; GaAs-Al-air-Al interfaces; VCSEL; dominant polarization; metal-interlaced grating; metal-interlaced-grating vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; mirror losses; mirror reflectivities; modal expansion; modal method; modal method by modal expansion; mode-suppression ratio; orthogonal polarization; permittivity discontinuities; polarization discrimination; polarization stabilization; thin metal layers; transmission efficiencies; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; Anisotropic magnetoresistance; Geometrical optics; Gratings; Laser modes; Optical polarization; Reflectivity; Semiconductor laser arrays; Stimulated emission; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9197

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/3.563388

Filename

563388