Small-area, periodically-refreshed DAC array in 45 nm SOI CMOS

A small-area digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) in 45 nm SOI CMOS technology is presented that is based on a centrally located, static current-mode DAC, the output current of which is fed to an array of distributed, dynamically-refreshed small-area DACs. Owing to the dynamic operation of the distributed DACs, a single array element can be made as small as 8 × 8 μm. The measured retention time of a single array element with 7-bit resolution is 3 ms at a temperature of 125°C.