Topological representations of electromagnetic wave propagation

Calculation of network functions associated with configurations of lumped elements, particularly when making use of digital computers, has been facilitated greatly by the development of topological methods of analysis. Problems in electromagnetic wave propagation may be solved similarly by use of suitable topological representations. In this paper basic topological representations are developed for a plane wave in free space, reflections from conducting surfaces, behavior at dielectric boundary discontinuities, transmission through wave guides, and transmission through circulators. The several representations developed serve as basic models for specific cases, and, in addition, illustrate a method whereby additional representations may be derived.