An equalizer design technique for the PCM modem: a new modem for the digital public switched network

Modems designed for the public switched telephone network (PSTN) have conventionally been based on modeling assumptions which view the PSTN connection as an essentially analog medium. However, as the PSTN evolves toward all digital transport and switching, and particularly as major traffic sources, such as Internet service providers, increasingly have direct digital connections to the PSTN, it is appropriate to revisit the model assumptions. Recently, several modem and chipset manufacturers have announced “56 K” modems based on an emerging system paradigm in which one user (a residential Internet subscriber) has an analog connection to the PSTN, and the other (an Internet service provider) has a digital one. ITU-T is expected to finalize details of a corresponding recommendation in 1998. With this configuration, modem designs based on signaling with the μ-law alphabet become feasible, and the conventional Shannon limit disappears as the quantization noise is avoided. Thus, the conventional Shannon limit of about 36 kb/s can be beaten, and it is possible to approach the digital transmission rate of 64 kb/s. Modems employing this general approach have become known as μ-law or pulse-code modulation (PCM) modems. In this paper we present a signaling technique and the sampling theory based on this technique, display the structure and operating principles of a PCM modem equalizer, and show how this equalizer problem can be cast in the language of multiinput-multioutput (MIMO) system theory