Tunability of biquadratic responses

A simple and efficient criterion for the selection of tuning parameters is introduced. This criterion uses the coefficients of the biquadratic response function exhibited in the frequency domain by certain lumped linear circuits. The tuning criterion takes into consideration the required large range of response variation with an associated small change in the tuning parameter and is based on an overlook of the biquadratic response rather than the locality of the first-order sensitivities. The criterion is justified mathematically and applied to practical examples. Tolerances are assumed in circuit elements, and tunability using this criterion is checked. The post-tuning yield is evaluated and compared with that obtained by other methods