Phase relationships in a stagger-tuned klystron amplifier

In some applications, where it may be desirable to use a broadband klystron amplifier, a knowledge of the delay characteristics of the valve is required; for example, in television and pulse-signalling systems when it is necessary to maintain the original envelope of the input signals, and in systems using amplifiers in parallel when reproducible characteristics are essential. Measurements have been made on an S-band broadband klystron to determine its phase shift with frequency and the effect of variations in the staggering pattern and drive level. Results obtained by mixing the input and output signals of the pulsed klystron in a directional coupler, and observing the sum on an oscillograph, are given.