Coupling circuit constraints into boundary element methods

Magnetic devices are typically linked to the real world through voltage constrained sources. The current is influenced by the flux linking the windings, the skin effect crowding, and the external circuitry across the device. This paper discusses a new technique for modeling voltage driven magnetoquasistatic devices, correctly accounting for end winding resistance in multi-turn windings, skin effect, and additional circuit elements before the voltage supply with boundary elements. At the heart of this approach is the introduction of an additional unknown within every conducting region, with accompanying constraints