Propagation measurements at 3480 and 9640 Mc/s beyond the radio horizon

The paper gives an account of scatter-propagation measurements made at S- and X-band during the period May, 1957 to May, 1959. The work at S-band continued throughout the whole of this time, while the X-band measurements were made during the period of year from June, 1958 to May, 1959. The S-band transmitter, using a 3.480 Gc/s c.w. magnetron with a power output of 500 watts, was established at Start Point in Devon. Receiving terminals were set up at Wembley, Middlesex, and Witnesham, Suffolk, at distances of 173 and 247 statute miles, respectively, from the transmitter, the former being maintained in operation throughout the whole of the experimental period and the latter for period of nine months from September, 1957 to June, 1958. Diurnal and seasonal variations in the median level of the received signal are discussed and a comparison is made of measurements taken simultaneously at Wembley and Witnesham. The distribution of the S-band fading rate as a function of level is studied and a limited amount of work concerned with the distribution of the duration of fades below a given level and the power spectrum of the detected signal is described. The transmission path for the X-band system, which used a pulsed magnetron at a frequency of 9.640 Gc/s, also lies between Start Point and Wembley; the pulse length was 2 microsec and the pulse-repetition frequency 500c/s, the peak power in the pulses being 180kW. The X- and S-band links were operated together whenever possible, and a comparison is made of the median level and fading rate of the signals received simultaneously at the two frequencies over the same propagation path. In addition, a series of measurements to investigate the aerial coupling loss of the X-band system are described.