The Synthetic Loading Technique Applied to the PM Synchronous Machine

The application of the synthetic loading technique to permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines is investigated. Mathematical equations for synthetic loading are developed. From the equations, a quadrature-axis current algorithm is proposed from which rotor speed and the stator direct- and quadrature-axis voltage and current equations are derived. The impact that synthetic loading frequency has on the dc-link voltage and the inverter phase-leg volt-ampere rating are analyzed. This shows that the synthetic loading technique requires an increased dc-link voltage and inverter volt-ampere rating compared to the standard efficiency test method. Synthetic loading is verified experimentally using a surface-mount PM synchronous machine. Simulation and experimental results are compared with the standard efficiency test. The simulation and the experimental results show that the synthetic loading technique is capable of evaluating the losses in the PM synchronous machine.