Scales and indicating mechanisms for phase-angle reading when slotted lines are used for impedance measurement

Some versions of a scale are described which, when used with standing-wave meters, allow direct reading of the phase angle of the measured impedance in degrees or fractions of waveguide wavelength. These scales are suitable for standing-wave meters at the lower frequencies of the microwave region. For higher frequencies, e.g. X-band, a´ lever mechanism was developed enabling the phase angle, in fractions of the waveguide wavelength, to be shown directly on the dial of a clock gauge. These devices enable the phase angle to be read directly without the need for any calculation. The time required for obtaining information for plotting impedance or admittance characteristics on Smith charts takes only slightly longer than measurement of the voltage standing-wave ratio itself.