The switching mechanism of ferro-electrics

The maximum speed of switching of ferro-electric crystals is discussed in the light of recent experiments on the switching mechanism. Domain nucleation is studied by experiments with liquid electrodes and by calculations for solid electrodes. The relation of nucleation to domain growth is discussed, and expressions are derived for the attainable speed. Deficiencies in our present understanding are pointed out for further study. It is concluded that startling improvements are not to be expected, but recommendations are given for achieving the best speed.