L-band array for ground-based remote sensing of volcanic eruptions

In this study, an L-band array for ground-based remote sensing of volcanic eruptions will be presented. The proposed array configuration was created using a particular class of microstrip elements, namely shorted rectangular patch (SRP) antennas, with improved directivity arranged in a 6×6 array with high inter-element spacing. This solution allowed high directivity, while grating lobe effects were mitigated by the element factor. The array was developed for use with volcano Doppler radar (Voldorad), a volcanological Doppler radar used to remotely sense summit eruptions of Mt. Etna in Sicily, where the prototype Voldorad is now located. The main features of the SRP and the design principles of the array will be presented, along with simulated and measured results.